{"id":4859,"date":"2026-11-05T09:47:03","date_gmt":"2026-11-05T09:47:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/?page_id=4859"},"modified":"2026-11-05T10:00:31","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T10:00:31","slug":"ionic-contamination-cleanliness","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/kb\/ionic-contamination-cleanliness\/","title":{"rendered":"Ionic Contamination &amp; Cleanliness Issues"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4859_9daf6f-88 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4859_9daf6f-88 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4859_9daf6f-88 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id4859_9daf6f-88 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. What Is Ionic Contamination?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ionic contamination consists of residues that release ions when dissolved in a suitable liquid. On a PCB, these residues may come from manufacturing chemicals, rinsing, handling, or assembly materials. A board can look clean while still carrying <a href=\"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/pcb-instrument-and-machines\/ionic-contamination-tester\/ionic-contamination-tester-for-pcb-cleaning\/\">ionic contamination<\/a>, and a visible residue is not necessarily ionic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Distinguish three types of cleanliness concern<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Visible contamination:<\/strong> Particles, stains, fingerprints, films, or deposits observed on the surface.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Extractable ionic contamination:<\/strong> Material recovered by a defined extraction procedure and assessed through an electrical or chemical measurement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Electrical reliability under exposure:<\/strong> How the materials and residues behave under specified humidity, temperature, and electrical conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These categories overlap, but they are not interchangeable. Visual inspection, ionic testing, and reliability evaluation answer different questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Common Cleanliness Problems and First Checks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Preserve the original result before cleaning or retesting the sample. Record the board identification, process stage, test method, extraction conditions, and recent manufacturing changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Problem or Observation<\/th><th>Possible Causes<\/th><th>First Checks<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>High ionic contamination result<\/td><td>Process residues, insufficient rinsing, handling contamination, contaminated test system<\/td><td>Blank result, instrument verification, sample history, and rinse condition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Results vary between similar boards<\/td><td>Process variation, inconsistent sampling, different extraction conditions<\/td><td>Board selection, area calculation, extraction time, temperature, and handling<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Results rise during a production run<\/td><td>Bath loading, chemical carryover, rinse deterioration, accumulated contamination<\/td><td>Trend against production volume and maintenance records<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Board looks clean but result is high<\/td><td>Invisible extractable residues or test contamination<\/td><td>Confirm the blank, then investigate upstream chemistry and handling<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Visible residue but low ROSE result<\/td><td>Non-ionic material, poor extraction, or localized contamination<\/td><td>Inspect the residue and assess whether another method is needed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Different laboratories report different values<\/td><td>Differences in extraction, area definition, equipment, or reporting<\/td><td>Compare complete procedures and units<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electrical leakage despite a low bulk result<\/td><td>Localized residue or another electrical failure mechanism<\/td><td>Local analysis, electrical investigation, and relevant reliability testing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A high result identifies a condition requiring investigation. It does not identify the contaminant or its source by itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Where Ionic Residues Enter the Process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most useful investigation follows the board through manufacturing rather than starting with the final cleaning stage alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bare PCB manufacturing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Wet-process chemistry:<\/strong> Developer, etchant, plating chemicals, stripping solutions, and associated carryover.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rinsing:<\/strong> Inadequate liquid exchange, contaminated rinse stages, blocked delivery, or unsuitable water conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Equipment:<\/strong> Deposits in tanks, transport systems, holders, and contact surfaces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Handling and packaging:<\/strong> Contaminated gloves, fingerprints, separators, storage materials, or work surfaces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Additional considerations for PCBA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Flux and solder-paste residues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rework materials and localized cleaning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cleaning-agent residues that are not adequately rinsed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restricted access beneath low-standoff components.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Research on assembly cleaning identifies component geometry, cleaning-fluid access, and process-material residues as important factors in cleaning performance. Bare boards and assemblies therefore should not be assumed to have equivalent extraction or cleaning behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Practical approach:<\/strong> Use separate, comparable samples from successive process stages to locate where contamination increases. Extracting the same board repeatedly changes its residue condition and cannot reconstruct its original contamination history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. ROSE, Ion Chromatography, and SIR: Choose the Right Method<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No single test provides a complete description of PCB cleanliness. Select the method according to the question being investigated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Method<\/th><th>What It Evaluates<\/th><th>Main Use<\/th><th>Important Limitation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Visual inspection<\/strong><\/td><td>Observable residues, particles, stains, and damage<\/td><td>Initial screening and locating suspect areas<\/td><td>Cannot establish ionic cleanliness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/blog\/ionic-contamination-tester\/\">ROSE testing<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Conductivity or resistivity response of extracted ionic material, commonly reported as NaCl equivalent<\/td><td>Qualified process monitoring and comparison<\/td><td>Does not identify individual ions; extraction conditions affect the result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ion chromatography\u2014IC<\/strong><\/td><td>Selected ionic species recovered in an extract<\/td><td>Identifying and quantifying ions to support source investigation<\/td><td>Results depend on extraction and the analytical method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Surface insulation resistance\u2014SIR<\/strong><\/td><td>Insulation behavior under defined environmental and electrical exposure<\/td><td>Evaluating process\/material behavior relevant to electrical reliability<\/td><td>Requires representative specimens and a suitable test plan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ROSE measures an ion-equivalent response, whereas ion chromatography can distinguish and quantify individual ionic species within the method\u2019s analytical scope. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Two interpretation points matter<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NaCl equivalent does not mean the board contains that mass of sodium chloride.<\/strong> It expresses the measured response relative to a calibration reference.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A whole-board result does not locate contamination.<\/strong> A small contaminated region may be diluted by reporting the result over a much larger extracted area.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use localized analysis or additional methods when the problem is confined to a specific connector, pad region, or component area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. High ROSE Results: Check the Test Before Changing Production<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When an ionic contamination tester reports an unexpected increase, first confirm that the measurement system and procedure are under control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Recommended investigation order<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Check the blank:<\/strong> Confirm that the extraction liquid, chamber or container, and test accessories meet the procedure\u2019s background requirements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Verify instrument performance:<\/strong> Review calibration, verification records, sensor condition, and maintenance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Confirm extraction conditions:<\/strong> Check solution composition, temperature, time, circulation or agitation, and endpoint settings where applicable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Verify area and units:<\/strong> Confirm sample count, dimensions, area convention, and reporting units.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Review sample handling:<\/strong> Check gloves, packaging, storage, and time between production and testing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Test comparable samples:<\/strong> Determine whether the increase follows a process stage, lot, machine, or handling route.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Corrective action:<\/strong> Address a verified measurement problem before drawing conclusions about production. If the test system is stable, investigate process chemistry, rinsing, and contamination sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not repeatedly extract the same sample until it passes. Later results may be lower because earlier extractions have already removed material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Rinsing, Drying, and Recontamination<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cleaning performance depends on removing residues and preventing their return. A strong wash followed by inadequate rinsing can leave cleaning chemistry on the board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Process Area<\/th><th>Checks<\/th><th>Corrective Direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Wash stage<\/td><td>Chemistry condition, concentration, temperature, access, and exposure<\/td><td>Restore the qualified cleaning conditions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rinse stage<\/td><td>Coverage, flow, water condition, carryover, and stage separation<\/td><td>Improve liquid exchange and control contamination<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water removal<\/td><td>Roller condition, drainage, and consistent contact<\/td><td>Reduce retained liquid without introducing contamination<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drying<\/td><td>Trapped liquid, airflow, temperature, and time<\/td><td>Apply the approved drying procedure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Handling and storage<\/td><td>Gloves, surfaces, separators, packaging, and exposure<\/td><td>Eliminate contamination after cleaning<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Drying does not reliably remove nonvolatile ionic residues.<\/strong> Evaporation can leave them behind. Similarly, an absorbent roller removes liquid but does not prove that the required chemical rinsing is complete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Water requirements must match the specific process. Do not transfer a rinse-water specification from final cleaning to resist development or another chemistry-sensitive stage without review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Acceptance Limits, Process Control, and Welleltron Tools<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the applicable product specification, customer agreement, and qualified process requirements to establish acceptance criteria. Bare-board requirements and assembly-process qualification requirements should be reviewed separately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The historical 1.56 \u00b5g\/cm\u00b2 NaCl-equivalent value should not be treated as a universal cleanliness or reliability limit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also distinguish:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Acceptance limits:<\/strong> Requirements used to determine product conformity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Process-control limits:<\/strong> Boundaries used to detect changes in an established process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reliability evidence:<\/strong> Data supporting suitability for the intended product and environment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Welleltron lists an ionic contamination tester alongside cleaning and water-removal consumables. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Tool or Consumable<\/th><th>Role<\/th><th>What It Does Not Establish<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ionic contamination tester<\/td><td>Monitor extractable ionic contamination using its supported procedure<\/td><td>Individual ion identity or complete reliability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nylon or <a href=\"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/sponge-roller\/pva-sponge-roller\/\">PVA cleaning roller<\/a><\/td><td>Assist qualified surface-cleaning operations<\/td><td>Automatic removal of all ionic residues<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Suitable sponge roller<\/td><td>Remove residual liquid<\/td><td>Completion of chemical rinsing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/pcb-consumables\/pp-sticky-roller\/\">Sticky roller<\/a><\/td><td>Remove suitable loose dry particles<\/td><td>Removal of dissolved ionic contamination<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Can a visually clean PCB fail ionic contamination testing?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. Extractable ionic residues may be invisible. Conversely, visible material may produce little response if it is non-ionic or not effectively extracted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Does a low ROSE result guarantee long-term reliability?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. It describes the sample\u2019s response under a defined extraction method. Location, residue chemistry, electrical conditions, and environmental exposure also matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Can ROSE testing identify chloride or another specific ion?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. Identifying individual ionic species requires an appropriate analytical method, such as ion chromatography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why do two laboratories report different cleanliness values?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Differences in extraction conditions, blank control, sample area, handling, and reporting can affect results. Compare the complete procedures before concluding that either result is incorrect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Does \u201cno-clean\u201d flux mean cleanliness evaluation is unnecessary?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. \u201cNo-clean\u201d describes a material intended for use without cleaning under suitable processing conditions. The actual assembly process and residue condition still need to meet the product\u2019s requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Can conformal coating compensate for unacceptable ionic contamination?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It should not be used as a substitute for an acceptable residue condition. Validate cleanliness before coating according to the applicable process and product requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4859_60c6fa-ab\"><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading4859_665f47-4a\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. What Is Ionic Contamination? Ionic contamination consists of residues that release ions when dissolved in a suitable liquid. On a PCB, these residues may come from manufacturing chemicals, rinsing, handling, or assembly materials. A board can look clean while still carrying ionic contamination, and a visible residue is not necessarily ionic. Distinguish three types&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4610,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"left","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4859","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"taxonomy_info":[],"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"lucaismilelove@gmail.com","author_link":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/blog\/author\/luciasmilelovegmail-com\/"},"comment_info":0,"_hostinger_reach_plugin_has_subscription_block":false,"_hostinger_reach_plugin_is_elementor":false,"spectra_custom_meta":{"_uagb_previous_block_counts":["a:90:{s:21:\"uagb\/advanced-heading\";i:0;s:15:\"uagb\/blockquote\";i:0;s:12:\"uagb\/buttons\";i:0;s:18:\"uagb\/buttons-child\";i:0;s:19:\"uagb\/call-to-action\";i:0;s:15:\"uagb\/cf7-styler\";i:0;s:11:\"uagb\/column\";i:0;s:12:\"uagb\/columns\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/container\";i:0;s:21:\"uagb\/content-timeline\";i:0;s:27:\"uagb\/content-timeline-child\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/countdown\";i:0;s:12:\"uagb\/counter\";i:0;s:8:\"uagb\/faq\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/faq-child\";i:0;s:10:\"uagb\/forms\";i:0;s:17:\"uagb\/forms-accept\";i:0;s:19:\"uagb\/forms-checkbox\";i:0;s:15:\"uagb\/forms-date\";i:0;s:16:\"uagb\/forms-email\";i:0;s:17:\"uagb\/forms-hidden\";i:0;s:15:\"uagb\/forms-name\";i:0;s:16:\"uagb\/forms-phone\";i:0;s:16:\"uagb\/forms-radio\";i:0;s:17:\"uagb\/forms-select\";i:0;s:19:\"uagb\/forms-textarea\";i:0;s:17:\"uagb\/forms-toggle\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/forms-url\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/gf-styler\";i:0;s:15:\"uagb\/google-map\";i:0;s:11:\"uagb\/how-to\";i:0;s:16:\"uagb\/how-to-step\";i:0;s:9:\"uagb\/icon\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/icon-list\";i:0;s:20:\"uagb\/icon-list-child\";i:0;s:10:\"uagb\/image\";i:0;s:18:\"uagb\/image-gallery\";i:0;s:13:\"uagb\/info-box\";i:0;s:18:\"uagb\/inline-notice\";i:0;s:11:\"uagb\/lottie\";i:0;s:21:\"uagb\/marketing-button\";i:0;s:10:\"uagb\/modal\";i:0;s:18:\"uagb\/popup-builder\";i:0;s:16:\"uagb\/post-button\";i:0;s:18:\"uagb\/post-carousel\";i:0;s:17:\"uagb\/post-excerpt\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/post-grid\";i:0;s:15:\"uagb\/post-image\";i:0;s:17:\"uagb\/post-masonry\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/post-meta\";i:0;s:18:\"uagb\/post-taxonomy\";i:0;s:18:\"uagb\/post-timeline\";i:0;s:15:\"uagb\/post-title\";i:0;s:20:\"uagb\/restaurant-menu\";i:0;s:26:\"uagb\/restaurant-menu-child\";i:0;s:11:\"uagb\/review\";i:0;s:12:\"uagb\/section\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/separator\";i:0;s:11:\"uagb\/slider\";i:0;s:17:\"uagb\/slider-child\";i:0;s:17:\"uagb\/social-share\";i:0;s:23:\"uagb\/social-share-child\";i:0;s:16:\"uagb\/star-rating\";i:0;s:23:\"uagb\/sure-cart-checkout\";i:0;s:22:\"uagb\/sure-cart-product\";i:0;s:15:\"uagb\/sure-forms\";i:0;s:22:\"uagb\/table-of-contents\";i:0;s:9:\"uagb\/tabs\";i:0;s:15:\"uagb\/tabs-child\";i:0;s:18:\"uagb\/taxonomy-list\";i:0;s:9:\"uagb\/team\";i:0;s:16:\"uagb\/testimonial\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/wp-search\";i:0;s:19:\"uagb\/instagram-feed\";i:0;s:10:\"uagb\/login\";i:0;s:17:\"uagb\/loop-builder\";i:0;s:18:\"uagb\/loop-category\";i:0;s:20:\"uagb\/loop-pagination\";i:0;s:15:\"uagb\/loop-reset\";i:0;s:16:\"uagb\/loop-search\";i:0;s:14:\"uagb\/loop-sort\";i:0;s:17:\"uagb\/loop-wrapper\";i:0;s:13:\"uagb\/register\";i:0;s:19:\"uagb\/register-email\";i:0;s:24:\"uagb\/register-first-name\";i:0;s:23:\"uagb\/register-last-name\";i:0;s:22:\"uagb\/register-password\";i:0;s:30:\"uagb\/register-reenter-password\";i:0;s:19:\"uagb\/register-terms\";i:0;s:22:\"uagb\/register-username\";i:0;}"],"_edit_lock":["1793873896:1"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_seo_score":["72"],"rank_math_title":["Ionic Contamination Cleanliness Issues"],"rank_math_focus_keyword":["Ionic Contamination"],"_edit_last":["1"],"_uag_custom_page_level_css":[""],"_kad_blocks_custom_css":[""],"_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":[""],"_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":[""],"_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":[""],"_kad_post_transparent":[""],"_kad_post_title":[""],"_kad_post_layout":["left"],"_kad_post_sidebar_id":[""],"_kad_post_content_style":[""],"_kad_post_vertical_padding":[""],"_kad_post_feature":[""],"_kad_post_feature_position":[""],"_kad_post_header":[""],"_kad_post_footer":[""],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":[""],"_elementor_template_type":[""],"_elementor_data":[""],"_elementor_conditions":["a:0:{}"],"_wp_page_template":["default"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-4859.css"],"_elementor_page_assets":["a:0:{}"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:260:\".uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media(max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media(max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important}}\";s:2:\"js\";s:0:\"\";s:18:\"current_block_list\";a:29:{i:0;s:23:\"kadence\/tableofcontents\";i:1;s:12:\"core\/heading\";i:2;s:14:\"core\/paragraph\";i:3;s:9:\"core\/list\";i:4;s:14:\"core\/list-item\";i:5;s:10:\"core\/table\";i:6;s:23:\"kadence\/advancedheading\";i:7;s:9:\"core\/code\";i:8;s:10:\"core\/group\";i:9;s:12:\"core\/columns\";i:10;s:14:\"core\/tag-cloud\";i:11;s:17:\"core\/social-links\";i:12;s:10:\"core\/video\";i:13;s:15:\"core\/media-text\";i:14;s:10:\"core\/audio\";i:15;s:10:\"core\/image\";i:16;s:10:\"core\/verse\";i:17;s:14:\"core\/pullquote\";i:18;s:17:\"core\/preformatted\";i:19;s:12:\"core\/details\";i:20;s:14:\"core\/page-list\";i:21;s:18:\"core\/legacy-widget\";i:23;s:16:\"core\/social-link\";i:24;s:12:\"kadence\/form\";i:25;s:14:\"kadence\/search\";i:26;s:16:\"kadence\/iconlist\";i:27;s:16:\"kadence\/listitem\";i:28;s:12:\"kadence\/icon\";i:29;s:19:\"kadence\/single-icon\";}s:8:\"uag_flag\";b:0;s:11:\"uag_version\";s:10:\"1794077059\";s:6:\"gfonts\";a:0:{}s:10:\"gfonts_url\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"gfonts_files\";a:0:{}s:14:\"uag_faq_layout\";b:0;}"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"lucaismilelove@gmail.com","author_link":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/blog\/author\/luciasmilelovegmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"1. What Is Ionic Contamination? Ionic contamination consists of residues that release ions when dissolved in a suitable liquid. On a PCB, these residues may come from manufacturing chemicals, rinsing, handling, or assembly materials. A board can look clean while still carrying ionic contamination, and a visible residue is not necessarily ionic. Distinguish three types...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4859"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4869,"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4859\/revisions\/4869"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/welleltron.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}